Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes

• Zijie Li,
• Yahui Gao,
• Hideki Nakanishi,
• Xiaodong Gao and
• Li Cai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2434–2445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.281

• of Mathematics and Science, University of South Carolina Salkehatchie, Walterboro, South Carolina, 29488, USA 10.3762/bjoc.9.281 Abstract Rare sugars, referred to as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to

• pharmaceutical and nutrition industry, or as starting materials for various natural products and drug candidates. Unfortunately, an important factor restricting the utilization of rare sugars is their limited availability, resulting from limited synthetic methods. Nowadays, microbial and enzymatic

• -gulose, L-galactose, L-fucose, allitol, D-talitol, and L-sorbitol. New systems and robust catalysts resulting from advancements in genomics and bioengineering are also discussed. Keywords: biosynthesis; enzyme; hexose; microorganism; rare sugars; Introduction Rare sugars are referred to as

De novo synthesis of D- and L-fucosamine containing disaccharides

• Daniele Leonori and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 332–341, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.38

• against this bacterium [24][25][26][27][28]. The synthesis of fucosamine building blocks has been reported in the literature, but it is highly affected by long synthetic sequences, extensive protecting group manipulations and expensive starting materials [29][30][31][32][33]. The de novo synthesis of rare

• sugars [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] provides an attractive alternative for rapid access to the required building blocks, but this approach has not been reported for D- or L-fucosamine [29][30][31][32][33][44][45][46]. Here, a full account of the de novo synthesis of differentially protected D